Explicit Time Step Strain Softening Stability Limit

Hi all, 

Does anyone know what the explicit time step stability limit for an element experiencing strain softening can be calculated as? Of course for a regular material, it can be calculated from the effective moduli. However, it is my understanding that these incremental moduli become negative when the material undergoes strain softening, for example when using CDM models, thus implying a non-real stable time increment. I am wondering how the stable increment might be calculated in these scenarios?