Hello,

As the title suggests, I am modeling steel tubular goods, and would like to impose a stress field on my part representative of residual hoop stress.  The residual stress which I would like to model is a phenomenon of insufficient heat treatment of cold formed pipe.  I would like to model the pipe axisymmetrically using CAX4R elements.  What would be the best way of modeling this type of residual hoop stress?

Thanks,

Thomas