Hi everyone,

I am a graduate student working on ISAR image simulation using CST Studio Suite . I have been trying to replicate the high-quality imaging results shown in the paper "Synthetic SAR Image Generation using Sensor, Terrain and Target Models".

I have implemented both the Backprojection (BP) algorithm and the small-angle 2DIFT algorithm (with windowing and zero-padding). However, my reconstructed images suffer from poor focusing and significant speckle noise in the background (vacuum areas around targets，See the right of the picture).

Interestingly, the official ISAR images generated directly by CST are extremely clean (high focus, low noise，See the left of the picture).

I would like to ask:

What default imaging algorithm or post-processing filters does the official CST ISAR feature use?

Could the difference in results be due to specific settings in the solver (e.g., Farfield/RCS settings, target positioning, or aperture sampling)?

Has anyone successfully replicated the "clean" results using external MATLAB/Python code with CST data? What was the trick?

Any insights into how CST achieves such high dynamic range or noise suppression would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you!my Email is losonjay@163.com,We can discuss and communicate together.